Recent paper about voting in non-deterministic voting systems: https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9287/9/4/107 (open access)

@cfrank Yeah, I don't see nondeterministic systems being used for national elections anytime soon, but luckily these arguments also work for smaller/local procedures and there they can be implemented much more easily. I think we could make these systems robust against rigging; what will be much harder is making them robust against accusations of rigging. In this polarized political landscape where conspiracies are flying left, right and center, it would be trivially easy for a demagogue to claim the result of a nondeterministic election was rigged. While nondeterministic systems may be more fair, they could appear to be less fair, which is unfortunate since we need social trust to keep a democracy in place.

@cfrank Yeah, I don't see nondeterministic systems being used for national elections anytime soon, but luckily these arguments also work for smaller/local procedures and there they can be implemented much more easily. I think we could make these systems robust against rigging; what will be much harder is making them robust against accusations of rigging. In this polarized political landscape where conspiracies are flying left, right and center, it would be trivially easy for a demagogue to claim the result of a nondeterministic election was rigged. While nondeterministic systems may be more fair, they could appear to be less fair, which is unfortunate since we need social trust to keep a democracy in place.

Recent paper about voting in non-deterministic voting systems: https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9287/9/4/107 (open access)